Regarding the Extrinsic Security Policy Drivers: Great power politics (US-China in the first place), domestic politics (India, Afghanistan, Iran), international financial institutions and international norms regimes. she also discussed the geopolitical Constraint & Opportunity: The role of geographical facts and the complex of regional security restricting and opening avenues of foreign policy and strategic posturing.

Also Discussed one the student on-going research work on similar topic; (A Critical analysis on Pakistan’s NSP 2022-2026)

the key takeaways were

• National security policy is best understood as a dynamic blend of autonomous aspirations and necessary responsiveness, with the balance shifting based on issue-area and temporal context.
• True strategic autonomy is predicated on internal strength, particularly economic resilience and political stability; without it, external factors inevitably exert disproportionate influence.
• Pakistan’s security policy formulation reflects an ongoing negotiation between its desired strategic autonomy (e.g., independent regional stance) and the constraints/leverage provided by its external partnerships.
• The integration of economic security as a central pillar of the NSP represents a significant evolution, acknowledging that comprehensive national power is the foundation for any autonomous strategic posture.

Report Prepared by : Mr Muhammad Akhtar Shabbir

DSS MPhil Semester 02